The Frederick C. Robie House, located on the campus of the University of Chicago in the Hyde Park neighborhood, stands as an enduring icon of modern architecture and Frank Lloyd Wright's renowned Prairie School design. Conceived in 1908 and completed in 1910, this home has gained national and international recognition for its unique design, innovative structure, and profound influence on architectural history. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019, the Robie House continues to inspire architects and design enthusiasts worldwide.
The Frederick C. Robie House
Frederick C. Robie House, Chicago, IL Source: Wikipedia |
Historical Significance of the Frederick C. Robie House
Designed during a highly creative period known as Wright’s Oak Park years, the Robie House (Wikipedia) represents the culmination of nearly two decades of exploration in the Prairie Style. This home was the first building in Chicago to be designated a National Historic Landmark based solely on its architectural merit and is recognized globally as one of the 20th century's most important architectural works. Beyond its national status, the house was also honored with a Chicago Landmark status in 1971 and as an Illinois Historic Landmark in 1980, underscoring its legacy in architectural history.
The Vision and Design of Frank Lloyd Wright
Wright’s vision for the Frederick C. Robie House went beyond mere shelter. Inspired by the expansive Midwest prairie landscape, he designed the house to integrate seamlessly with its surroundings. The Prairie Style is distinguished by horizontal lines, open interior spaces, and an emphasis on harmony between the building and its environment. Wright’s innovative use of horizontal planes, combined with art glass windows and a unified color scheme, embody this ideal, making the Robie House a quintessential example of the Prairie Style.
What is Prairie Style?
Imagine a house reflecting the vast, flat landscapes of the Midwest. That's Prairie style in a nutshell. The Frederick C. Robie House embodies this concept with its:
- Horizontal lines: Low-pitched roofs, bands of brick, and cantilevered overhangs all contribute to the building's horizontality.
- Connection to nature: Broad balconies blur the lines between indoors and outdoors, while planters were designed to burst with seasonal blooms.
- Open floor plan: Flowing, light-filled living spaces with a central hearth create a sense of spaciousness.
- Emphasis on natural materials: Wright used iron-flecked brick, limestone, and art glass windows to create a harmonious and beautiful space.
Architectural Highlights of the Robie House
Wright designed the Frederick C. Robie House as a modern home that would resonate with its surroundings. This Prairie Style masterpiece is defined by its long horizontal lines, open floor plan, and the innovative use of natural materials.
1. Exterior Design
Wright’s use of horizontal cantilevered roofs and continuous bands of art-glass windows capture the essence of the prairie horizon. The brickwork features carefully selected Roman bricks with contrasting mortar that accentuate the house’s horizontal lines. The house’s exterior is built from double-wythe construction with a red-orange Roman brick veneer, and the art-glass windows use geometric patterns of colored and clear glass that are echoed throughout the interior’s tapestries and gate designs.
2. Interior Layout and Flow
Inside, the Robie House is organized into two main sections or “vessels,” which Wright described as the major and minor vessels. The major vessel houses the primary living areas, including the living room, dining room, and children’s playroom, while the minor vessel contains functional spaces like the kitchen, garage, and servants’ quarters. This design allows for an open flow of space, especially between the living and dining areas, which are connected by a central chimney mass, yet separated visually by doors and panels of art glass.
3. The Chimney and Stairway Core
The central chimney, featuring four fireplaces, is the structural heart of the Robie House, anchoring the house’s flow and providing an architectural focal point. The chimney and the main staircase create a sense of movement from dark to light, inviting guests up from the low-ceilinged entrance to the bright and open second-floor spaces.
4. Natural Lighting and Art Glass
Wright’s Robie House utilizes 174 art-glass panels in 29 different designs, strategically placed to filter natural light and create a warm, inviting interior. This approach to light and transparency creates an airy space that feels larger than it is, and the decorative art-glass designs help harmonize the building with its surroundings.
5. Innovative Use of Space and Furniture
Wright’s signature built-in furniture and extended armrests in the Robie House echo the cantilevered structures of the roof and provide functionality without compromising space. He designed specific furnishings for the living room, dining room, guest bedroom, and entry hall. The Robie sofa, with its extended arms, is especially notable for mirroring the exterior cantilevering and acting as both a seat and side table.
Construction and Early Residents
Frederick C. Robie, the original owner, was a young entrepreneur and graduate of the University of Chicago. At just 28, Robie commissioned Wright to design a modern family home that would accommodate his lifestyle and entertain his circle of friends and family. However, due to unforeseen financial problems, Robie was only able to reside in the house for fourteen months before selling it in 1911. The house changed hands several times, even serving as a dormitory and dining hall for the Chicago Theological Seminary before the University of Chicago acquired it.
Preservation and Restoration Efforts
The Robie House faced multiple threats of demolition, most notably in 1957 when the Chicago Theological Seminary announced plans to replace it with a dormitory. Public protests and an outpouring of support from architects and fans of Wright’s work helped preserve the house. In 1963, William Zeckendorf donated the building to the University of Chicago, which later handed over operations to the Frank Lloyd Wright Trust. Restoration, completed in 2019, focused on returning the house to its original 1910 appearance, with careful attention to structural repairs, glasswork, woodwork, and furniture.
Visiting the Frederick C. Robie House
The Frank Lloyd Wright Trust offers a variety of Frederick C. Robie House tours that cater to different interests, whether you're exploring Wright's architecture for the first time or diving deep into the historical details. Learn more about Group Tours.
1. Robie House: Inside and Out Tour
The Inside and Out Tour combines a guided interior tour with a self-guided outdoor audio tour, providing a well-rounded perspective on both the architecture and the historical significance of the Robie House.
- Tour Length: 1.5 hours (45-minute interior tour, 45-minute outdoor tour)
- Languages: Audio tour available in eight languages, including English, Japanese, and Spanish
- Admission: $30 general admission; Trust members receive a discount
Buy Tickets for Robie House Inside and Out Tour
2. Robie House: A Modern Home Guided Interior Tour
This 45-minute guided tour explores the Robie House’s iconic Prairie Style design and architectural innovations. A perfect introduction for those new to Wright’s work, the A Modern Home Tour provides a comprehensive look at the house’s interiors and design elements.
- Tour Length: 45 minutes
- Admission: $20 general admission; free for Trust members
- Tickets: Purchase Tickets Online
3. Robie House In-Depth Guided Tour
For a truly immersive experience, the Robie House In-Depth Guided Tour offers a deep dive into both the public and private spaces of the house. Limited to 10 guests, this 90-minute tour provides in-depth insights into the home’s history, furnishings, and cultural significance.
- Tour Length: 90 minutes
- Admission: $75 for general admission, $65 for Trust members
- Tour Availability: Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays
- Tickets: Advance purchase recommended; buy tickets here
Ticketing Guidelines
To ensure a smooth experience, the Frederick C. Robie House tickets come with some helpful guidelines:
- Check-In: Arrive 15 minutes before the tour at the Museum Shop for check-in.
- Age Restrictions: Children under 8 are not permitted on interior tours.
- Late Arrivals: Latecomers will join their specified tour in progress.
- Refund Policy: Tickets are non-refundable and non-exchangeable.
Visiting the Robie House: Practical Information
Location and Address
The Robie House is located in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, on the University of Chicago campus.
Address:
5757 South Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637
Directions and Transportation
By Car
From downtown Chicago, take Lake Shore Drive (US 41) south and exit at 53rd Street. Head west to Woodlawn Avenue, where the Robie House is at the corner of 58th Street.By Public Transportation
- CTA Bus: The #6 Jackson Park Express stops at Stony Island Avenue and 57th Street, a six-block walk from the Robie House.
- Metra Train: Take the University Park Line from Millennium Station to the 55th-56th-57th Street stop. Walk five blocks west to Woodlawn Avenue.
For detailed transportation schedules, visit the CTA or Metra websites.
Frederick C. Robie House Reviews
The Frederick C. Robie House reviews on platforms like Google, TripAdvisor, and Yelp highlight the admiration and appreciation visitors have for this architectural gem. Visitors often praise the house for its stunning art glass windows, the beauty of the Prairie Style design, and the expertise of the tour guides who bring Wright’s vision to life. Many reviews emphasize the uniqueness of the Robie House’s layout and architectural elements, noting that it feels surprisingly modern despite being over a century old.
In recent years, the completion of a comprehensive restoration has been celebrated in reviews, with guests noting the exceptional preservation work that has ensured the Robie House remains true to Wright’s original design. The immersive tours are often cited as a highlight, offering visitors a deeper understanding of Wright’s revolutionary architectural philosophy.
FAQs about the Frederick C. Robie House
What is the Frederick C. Robie House?
The Frederick C. Robie House is a historic Prairie-style house designed by renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. It's considered one of the most significant examples of 20th-century American architecture.
Where is the Robie House located?
The Robie House is located at 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.
What makes the Robie House a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
The Robie House is part of a collective UNESCO listing, “The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright,” recognizing its innovative design and its impact on global architecture.
Who was Frank Lloyd Wright?
Frank Lloyd Wright was a renowned American architect who designed many iconic buildings, including the Robie House, Fallingwater, and the Guggenheim Museum.
How long does a tour of the Robie House take?
The duration of a tour can vary depending on the specific tour option you choose. However, most tours last between 45 minutes to 90 minutes.
Who designed the Robie House?
Frank Lloyd Wright, a legendary American architect, designed the Robie House.
When was the Robie House built?
Construction of the Robie House was completed in 1910.
What makes the Robie House unique?
The Robie House is unique for its:
- Horizontal lines: Low-pitched roofs, bands of brick, and cantilevered overhangs.
- Open floor plan: Spacious, light-filled interiors.
- Integration with nature: Large windows and terraces connect the house to its surroundings.
- Innovative use of materials: Iron-flecked brick, limestone, and art glass.
How much does it cost to visit the Robie House?
Ticket prices vary. Please check the official website for current pricing and any discounts.
How can I purchase tickets to visit the Robie House?
You can purchase tickets online or by calling the box office at 312.994.4000.
What is the best way to get to the Robie House?
The best way to get to the Robie House is by car or public transportation. There is limited parking available on-site.
Can I visit the Robie House?
Yes, you can visit the Robie House. Guided tours are offered, and advance reservations are recommended.
What are the best times to visit the Robie House?
The best times to visit the Robie House are during the spring and fall when the weather is mild and the landscaping is beautiful. However, the house is open year-round.
Is there parking available at the Robie House?
Yes, limited parking is available on-site. However, it's often crowded, so consider using public transportation or ride-sharing services.
Is photography allowed inside the Robie House?
Photography is generally not allowed inside the Robie House to preserve the historic integrity of the building. However, you can take photos of the exterior.
Can visitors see the original furniture designed by Wright?
Yes, several original furniture pieces designed for the Robie House are displayed, although many are now in the collection of the Smart Museum of Art.
Why is the Prairie Style important in American architecture?
The Prairie Style reflects a uniquely American approach to residential architecture, emphasizing harmony with the natural landscape and creating open, functional living spaces.
Conclusion
The Frederick C. Robie House remains a masterpiece of modern architecture and a testament to Frank Lloyd Wright’s visionary designs. Its influence on architectural history is profound, representing the height of Wright’s Prairie Style and shaping architectural innovation in the 20th century. Through dedicated preservation efforts and public interest, the Robie House continues to stand as an architectural landmark, offering visitors a chance to experience Wright’s design principles and vision in the heart of Chicago.
For tour details and ticket reservations, visit the Frank Lloyd Wright Trust website or contact the box office at 312.994.4000.